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Precedents

22 May 2008 10:40 am

Noah Millman is willing to concede that Munich analogies are inappropriate but wants to know "what is the historical model for Obama’s 'meet with Iran/North Korea/Cuba/Venezuela without preconditions?'" Well, the trouble with trying to find an analogy of any sort that really holds up is simply that the geopolitical circumstance of unipolarity doesn't have real precedent.

But if you want to talk historical models, I think the best model to look at is just the recent past history of North Korea. At times, we've conducted diplomatic talks with the North Koreans. When we've done that we've made progress. Conservatives, meanwhile, have screamed "appeasement!" and when they got their chance to try isolation they managed to make the situation much, much, much worse. Now, clearly, the Agreed Framework didn't actually wind up involving a Presidential-level with Kim. But in my view, the current dispute between Obama and Bush/McCain isn't really about the question of presidential-level meetings. If Bush/McCain were willing to have good-faith, high-level talks with Iran at the Foreign Minister level but had some weird hangup about the idea of a presidential-level meeting, I'd consider that odd but not so pernicious and perhaps justified by the ambiguity as to who the Iranian Head of State is.

But my understanding of what the current debate is really about is that the things Obama has said indicate an interest in vigorously pursuing good-faith negotiations with various countries, whereas conservatives are open to the "you surrender and then we don't bomb you" model but fundamentally think that it's not possible to reach agreements with evil regimes so we need to avoid putting ourselves in a position where the other side appears to be making a serious offer.

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Comments (26)

Matthew Yglesias sounds more and more like some sort of liberal fundamentalist on foreign policy who thinks conservatives are evil or something. It's not exactly a constructive, or even sane, world-view.

"It's not exactly a constructive, or even sane, world-view."

Much like refusing (or setting preconditions that amount to a refusal) to engage in diplomacy as a means to resolve conflict and instead opting for war that results in hundreds of thousands dead, a less safe world, and world-wide hatred for your country.

Indeed, that sounds much better.

This isn't about diplomacy versus war, it's about smart diplomacy versus dumb diplomacy.

Obama's rhetoric on talking to Iran is already a poltical boost to harliners in Iran.

http://www.nypost.com/seven/05212008/postopinion/opedcolumnists/obama_to_ajad__atomic_assist_111819.htm?page=0

Obama's rhetoric on talking to Iran is already a poltical boost to hardliners in Iran.

http://www.nypost.com/seven/05212008/postopinion/opedcolumnists/obama_to_ajad__atomic_assist_111819.htm?page=0

Canadian Tim K. subscribes to the Team America: World Police theory of foreign policy.

America, Fuck Yeah

One aspect of this kerfuffle that I don't think has gotten much play is the Venezuela discussion. Are people really pretending that Chavez is as bad as Hitler? I mean, really? I'm no fan of Hugo's hey-everybody-look-at-me role on the world stage, but let's be real here.

"This isn't about diplomacy versus war, it's about smart diplomacy versus dumb diplomacy."

No, this is about no diplomacy (Bush/McCain), smart diplomacy (Barack/most of the world), and fictional hypothetical diplomacy (Tom K).

"This isn't about diplomacy versus war, it's about smart diplomacy versus dumb diplomacy."


No, it's about diplomacy vs. I-don't-know-what-you-call-the-Bush-Administration's-approach. Can anyone call the Bush approach to North Korea "smart diplomacy"? Can anyone explain why talking to Libya was not "appeasement"? Can anyone understand how the Bush "do everything we say and then we'll talk to you" policy toward Iran is EVER supposed to work?

Mike

Name? -- the issue with all the Hitler comparisons is never whether so-and-so is as bad as Hitler. The issue is that the chest-thumping militarists who make the comparison want to prove that they, themselves, are as good as The Greatest Generation, and the only way to do that is to deliver a "We Shall Never Surrender" speech and launch a worldwide, total war that culminates in using nukes.

They advocate war because they like war and the changes it brings about to our country, and they like the way war makes them feel.

There are many problems with the historic record. The paper "Appeasement Reconsidered: Investigating the Mythology of the 1930s" explains most of the problems with the analogies:

http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/Pubs/Display.Cfm?pubID=622

The basic conclusions:

* Hitler Remains without Equal as a State Threat.
* Anglo-French Security Choices in the 1930s
Were Neither Simple Nor Obvious.
* Beware of Hindsight; It Is Not 20/20 Vision.
* Invocations of the Munich Analogy to Justify Use
of Force Should Be Closely Examined.

The problem with preconditions is that this is a term of art: it means requiring your enemy to give in to the possible reason for the talks. If the precondition for talks with Iran is for them to verifiably suspend uranium enrichment, what would then be the point of talking? Preconditions is a code word meaning you don't want to negotiate.

So, in your mind, the "Agreed Framework" - which North Korea willfully broke - was a success? That's the last time we really engaged North Korea in direct talks, and in the real world, it was (like most of what Carter touches) a naive failure.

If that's what you call success, gosh help us.

Matt says:

the geopolitical circumstance of unipolarity doesn't have real precedent

Matt is wrong.

There are numerous historical precedents, but you have to have a conception of history that starts before 1939.

Let's see if we can come up with one that really works....

A dominant military power that just recently finished off its last serious rival. A republican form of government with latent authoritarian impulses. A real sense of exceptionalism and privilege. A serious dependence on foreign imports to maintain an extravagant lifestyle for the ruling class.

The Late Roman Republic or the United States of America in 2008?


Obama's rhetoric on talking to Iran is already a poltical boost to harliners in Iran.

This article is hilarious. It asserts on the basis of no evidence whatsoever that the hardliners are getting a boost from Obama's statements. But that's the quality of journalism you get in a New York Post op-ed. Better trolls please.

Didn't the US at least attempt to ditch a major Nuclear agreement (NNPA) by trying to sell technology to India?

Didn't the US not disclose what it knew about the Syria site that was bombed. We are supposed to turn over information to IAEA.

Didn't we try to push for new nuclear weapons tests and new series of nuclear weapons, against treaty?

Didn't we ignore many human rights conventions with our treatment of war detainees?

I guess that it is just the North Koreans which need to live up to their obligations.

Late Republican Rome only existed in a unipolar world if you ignore the Parthian Empire. The Romans didn't, though I'm sure that Crassus wished they could after Carrhae.

James Robertson, as many mainstream and respected analysts of Korean issues have pointed out (most famously Selig Harrison in "Foreign Affairs"), we actually broke the Agreed Framework first. In addition, Secretary Kelly accused NK of uranium enrichment (which turned out to not be true at the time and led to the series of events that got NK the bomb) while the Agreed Framework was over plutonium enrichment.

"Canadian Tim K. subscribes to the Team America: World Police theory of foreign policy.

America, Fuck Yeah

Posted by drjimcooper | May 22, 2008 11:17 AM"

He's a wannabe. Ignore him. I'm sorry Tim, but we can't have you become an American because after Bush, we can't have our average IQ here dragged down any lower.

"Late Republican Rome only existed in a unipolar world if you ignore the Parthian Empire. The Romans didn't, though I'm sure that Crassus wished they could after Carrhae.

Posted by Estrien | May 22, 2008 1:50 PM"

Yeah, Rome was a unipolar power only if you defend the entire world as Europe. Considering that Rome was actually technologically stagnant for the bulk of its time as a major power, technological innovation had to come from somewhere in the world, which meant the Asian empires. In addition, the Americas were completely unknown to the Romans and were heavily populated, but much of that history is unknown or not studied by Eurocentric scholars, so it gets ignored, which is ironic considering where the US is located.

Unipolar doesn't mean there are no other powers in the world. The Parthian relationship to Rome isn't much different from the Chinese relationship to the U.S. The question that needs to be asked is, was it advantageous to Rome to parlay with lesser powers.

The Americas had about as much bearing on Eurasian power politics 2200 years ago as extraterrestrial life forms have on ours today. None of the pre-Columban societies are really on point, except perhaps the Incan Empire. We don't really know much about their dealings with lesser powers. If you prefer, we can talk about the various times that China functioned as a unipolar power within its sphere of influence.

In any case, I think you'll find that the tactic of refusing to talk to ones' adversaries is intended solely for domestic consumption as a means for whipping up xenophobia. Some things never change.

Unipolar of course doesn't mean that there are no other powers, but that one power is at a quantum level higher than any other power or likely combination of powers, and hence can exercise its power and defend or extend its interests at any point in its world that it chooses to do so.

Late Republican Rome doesn't fit this definition. It was faced with a (usually) Cold War on its eastern frontier which would continue into the imperial period. It had not yet even fully recognized the real limits of its power on its northern frontiers, but would soon do so.

The US from 1989 does fit this definition to a greater extent than any other power in history. But that (brief) era is already coming to an end. Which would tend to show that unipolarity is mostly a mirage based on perception and that when such power is actually used, it gets used up.

Reality Man, Canadians really would appreciate it if you would take Tim K off our hands the way you did with Krauthammer, Steyn, and Frum. We promise to keep sending down funny people, and will even dial back the pop divas if that will sweeten the pot.

Dave,

I noticed that you cited Amir Taheri for his comment that "Obama's rhetoric on talking to Iran is already a poltical boost to hardliners in Iran." Do you know what a serial liar Amir Taheri is?

Dave,

I noticed that you cited Amir Taheri for your comment that "Obama's rhetoric on talking to Iran is already a poltical boost to hardliners in Iran." Do you know what a serial liar Amir Taheri is?

MY said: "At times, we've conducted diplomatic talks with the North Koreans. When we've done that we've made progress."

Progess? hahahaha. I guess if you mean we'll look away while NK cheats, develops nukes and exports nukes and nuke technology to the likes of syria, then, yea, "we've made progress."

talk about "heads in the sand"!!!

PL

PL, the truth of the matter is that when Bush came into office NK had no active nuclear weapons program. Just about every expert on NK, right and left, told the Bush that his all-sticks approach would be counter-productive and that NK would instead conclude that it would need nukes to prevent an American invasion and thus develop nukes.

"Reality Man, Canadians really would appreciate it if you would take Tim K off our hands the way you did with Krauthammer, Steyn, and Frum. We promise to keep sending down funny people, and will even dial back the pop divas if that will sweeten the pot.

Posted by nolaboyd | May 22, 2008 3:40 PM"

Hmmm, have you already given us Nelly Furtado yet? I'll trade you Tim for her if you also throw in Yukon. After all, we'll need somewhere big to store such a big asshole.

Nelly is a Toronto girl now and no, you can't have her. I think nolaboyd meant a certain Quebecoise in any case... Timmy maybe could be exiled to the Yukon in black fly season with nothing but a Celine's Greatest Hits CD for entertainment.


Comments closed June 05, 2008.

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