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Racism and the allegory of the Boston Red Sox

29 May 2008 11:06 am

[Ta-Nehisi]

Commentor David writes:


...you go into an election with the voters you've got, right? Now it's pretty clear that a lot of folks in the left blogosphere would like to do their own purge of the voting rolls--get rid of those dirty, smelly hillbillies, etc., maybe with a literacy test [I've actually seen that proposed on some blogs--ah, progressivism!], but to borrow the metaphor, that dog ain't gonna hunt. In a democracy, it's the voters who reward and punish, for better or for worse. Ta-Nehisi is right: It's a moral problem for the voters, not for Obama. But it's an electoral problem for Obama. He's the one who has to do the wooing. Like El Cid, I think it can be done. Most of these voters who are being interviewed know little of him beyond skin color, and they're not sophisticated enough to mask their racism with the smoke-screens used by middle-class whites; thus they're readily exploited by sensation-seeking journalists. But they're also people with real problems that need to be addressed [and it's telling that "progressives" on this comment thread use those problems as an excuse to dismiss them]. Count me in with those who think Obama needs to take an Appalachia tour. Voters can't be changed by talking down to them; they need to be engaged.

I basically agree with all of this. I especially think the part where he said "Ta-Nehisi is right" is incredibly insightful. But there is one thing I would differ with: I think racism isn't just a moral problem for this country, it's actually a practical one too. The reason I cite the the Civil War example is because the practical consequences were so grave. My good buddy Jelani Cobb, has written some about the fates of Birmingham and Atlanta during the post-Civil Rights era. He argues--and I am going to try to get this right so bear with me--that basically both cities were on the way up during the mid-20th century. But in Atlanta, when the Civil Rights movement hit, then mayor William Hartsfield basically saw the change coming and guided the city through it, crafting this image of Atlanta--in contrast to the rest of the Deep South--as "the city to busy to hate." This (along with many other factors) allowed Atlanta to attract a Coca Cola, to attract a CNN, to host the Olympics. Meanwhie, Birmingham became known as, well, Bombingham.

That's a rough translation of the story. Maybe there are some Southern cats here who can help me out with that one. But my larger point is that racism has tangible costs for blacks and whites. Deciding your president on something as stupid as race could mean (for instance) that you have less access to health care, that your children work in a stagnating economy, that your neighbors kids will die in a stupid war. Or maybe not. Maybe the white guy is completely right. But if you're a racist, you will never know.

Let me be utterly candid her and speak for myself. I grew up in de facto segregation. I didn't have a white classmate until I was in high school. I didn't have any deep relationships with anyone who wasn't black until I was in my early 20s. I also had some very retrograde views about gays (I'm probably most ashamed of that). When I started working in Washington, I had some truly beautiful colleagues, many of whom I'm friends with today. But when I started the gig, I wouldn't hang out with them after work; I thought something might happen if I got drunk around them. That didn't change until my job hired another brother and he informed me of how ignorant I was. A short time later, I moved to New York, and was shocked to live in a place where the black/white dichotomy didn't really exist. I mean it's here, but not in the same way.

My point is this--it's quite likely that had I not been shaken out of my ignorance, had I not let go of my prejudice, you wouldn't be reading this right now. It was not simply ethical for me to become a more open person--it was to my advantage. I know that the math isn't the same for white people, but the point, I think, still stands. Let me end with a nod to America's greatest past time. The Boston Red Sox were the last team in pro baseball to integrate. And for their belief in the grand purity of the Great White Race, they sacrificed a shot at Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays, and probably a World Series or two. White racism rewarded them with decades of heartbreak. Not saying racism was the only factor. But it didn't help.

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Comments (34)

Me, I'm shocked to hear New York described as "a place where the black/white dichotomy doesn't exist." I mean---Crown Heights? Howard Beach? All the way back to the Draft Riots.

I've never spent serious time in DC, just the occasional visit here an there, and while it did strike me as pretty... er... southern, it must be a whole lot worse than I thought if it makes New York City look like a post-racialism utopia.

But in Atlanta, when the Civil Rights movement hit, then mayor William Hartsfield basically saw the change coming and guided the city through it, crafting this image of Atlanta--in contrast to the rest of the Deep South--as "the city to busy to hate." This (along with many other factors) allowed Atlanta to attract a Coca Cola, to attract a CNN, to host the Olympics

You have this slightly backward. Coca-Cola was already an Atlanta institution, and they led the way in pressuring Hartsfield in the right direction, because they and other business leaders in Atlanta correctly saw that sustainable societies cannot be built on hatred and fear, and did not want to be tainted in the looming civil rights battle. Mark Pendergrast's Coca-Cola book is pretty clear on this subject (and a good read otherwise).

Me, I'm shocked to hear New York described as "a place where the black/white dichotomy doesn't exist." I mean---Crown Heights? Howard Beach? All the way back to the Draft Riots.

I've never spent serious time in DC, just the occasional visit here an there, and while it did strike me as pretty... er... southern, it must be a whole lot worse than I thought if it makes New York City look like a post-racialism utopia.

Really liked the post, and you really must be testing the attention span of Matt's readers. +500 words?!? Also, if the Red Sox sucked for so long because of their failure to intergrate, the Chicago Cubs must be solely responsible for slavery, right?

I would say that I essentially agree with you excepting the idea of a "tour of Appalachia". I would refer all to the piece by Anonymous Liberal a good long while ago about what he calls "Informational Anarchy". There does come a point at which in a discussion with someone that is becomes abundantly clear that one is not working with the same set of facts. Obama can tour Appalachia until he is blue in the face, and he'll still be seen as the "muslim" candidate. I don't take the CNN interviews as representative of everyone in WV and KY, but there ARE going to be racists who Obama simply will not be able to convince with a dialog about race. Perhaps a few years into his second term when he has done a great deal of good (fingers crossed) will racists finally, maybe, perhaps start to think a wee, tiny, itsy-bitsy bit differently, but there are some sets of facts that all the campaigning in the world won't be able to change.

I like the idea that in order to get people to seriously feel the practical impacts of racism which led to the Civil War and whatnot, we'll get them to think about the Boston Red Sox's long legacy of losing, since that was suffering on a scale which no one could possibly bear to endure again.

Well, that's certainly the libertarian theory. I don't really know how far it goes, though.

The problem with the Red Sox analogy is that you're dealing there with the top 1 percent of people in the field. That's where racism costs segregationists most obviously because the returns to the integrated teams are so immense. But in normal day-to-day jobs, the incentive to back down from racism is quite a bit less.

And it's easy enough, sociologically, psychologically, even career-wise, to remain in the rut from which you managed to extricate yourself in your early 20s. It wouldn't have condemned you to a decade or two in the cellar like it did the Red Sox until 1967.

This was a great post to read. Your honesty is to be admired, and we all benefited from your personal growth, because now we get to read your stuff. But I don't know how far that argument goes in the rest of the world.

The Civil Rights movement, in all its forms, came just in time for the South, and some areas and cities were more ready to take advantage than others.

Coca-Cola was, indeed, an Atlanta institution, but other Fortune 500 and multinationals to be HDQ'd in a segregated Atlanta? Never would have happened. Before passage of the various public accommodations acts, how many Southern cities had major league athletic franchises? None, that's how many, unless you count the soon to depart for Minnesota Washington Senators. There's simply no way the professional leagues would have allowed expansion into legally segregated cities.

The ground was at least somewhat ready in cities like Atlanta, Nashville or NC's 'research triangle'. But the economic boom would have bypassed the South had the various civil rights acts, notably but not limited to public accommodations, been passed when they were.

I second That Fuzzy Bastard's comments about NYC ... and it comes from all sides, too. I can't tell you how many times my wife has been told by other people of color (upon finding out she lives in Forest Hills and somehow not realizing, even though she dresses like she's straight out of Stern College, that she's Jewish -- perhaps because they assume all Jews are white and forget that some Jews are black) "why do you live in Forest Hills? it's filled with Jewish people".

I sometimes feel that things are more integrated down here in Tally than they are in NYC.

I would agree with your friend's rough assessment. Birmingham and Atlanta were roughly equivalent's in the 1950s. Its not a fair comparison, though. The difference is that Atlanta basically started at zero in 1865 and Birmingham hadn't been bombed out.

By 1950, Atlanta already had Coke, Georgia Tech, and Emory. How many Jewish schools are there in the South? I'm assuming Emory has always been somewhat Jewish. Atlanta caught back up to Birmingham by the 1950s because they had always held different attitudes toward others.


I basically agree with all of this. I especially think the part where he said "Ta-Nehisi is right" is incredibly insightful. But there is one thing I would differ with: I think racism isn't just a moral problem for this country, it's actually a practical one too. The reason I cite the the Civil War example is because the practical consequences were so grave. My good buddy Jelani Cobb, has written some about the fates of Birmingham and Atlanta during the post-Civil Rights era. He argues--and I am going to try to get this right so bear with me--that basically both cities were on the way up during the mid-20th century. But in Atlanta, when the Civil Rights movement hit, then mayor William Hartsfield basically saw the change coming and guided the city through it, crafting this image of Atlanta--in contrast to the rest of the Deep South--as "the city to busy to hate." This (along with many other factors) allowed Atlanta to attract a Coca Cola, to attract a CNN, to host the Olympics. Meanwhie, Birmingham became known as, well, Bombingham.

That's a rough translation of the story. Maybe there are some Southern cats here who can help me out with that one. But my larger point is that racism has tangible costs for blacks and whites. Deciding your president on something as stupid as race could mean (for instance) that you have less access to health care, that your children work in a stagnating economy, that your neighbors kids will die in a stupid war. Or maybe not. Maybe the white guy is completely right. But if you're a racist, you will never know.

Well, I'm a southern cat [and a historian to boot], and while I have a few nits to pick, your analysis is right on [as we old sixties types say]. The Atlanta-Birmingham comparison has often been made in this way, but I think the two cities' differing racial experiences were consequences as much as causes. As Shaz points out, Coca-Cola *began* in Atlanta, as did CNN. On the other hand, Birmingham's racial conflicts had a lot to do with the postwar decline of its heavy-industry base--which Atlanta, with its service economy, never really had.

More broadly, though, a strong case can be made that ditching Jim Crow was good for the southern economy. The Stanford economic historian Gavin Wright has contended that, for one thing, the sort of xenophobia present in the late-Jim-Crow South [which, as somebody growing up white at the time I well remember] has given way to a lot more openness--including openness to entrepreneurs and innovators regardless of race or national origin. The collapse of the one-party, disfranchisement political order had a real impact on government services, as Democrats had to fend off the Republican onslaught by actually getting concerned about black infant mortality and education quality. So the declining salience of race has had a salutary impact on the South.

Not to say that we don't have a long way to go. This old-school southern liberal has long seen race get in the way of social progress, and laments it. My point, though, is that it's our job to get those whites who are most hurt to understand that, and the starting point is to understand the ways in which the intense poverty and underdevelopment of a place like Central Appalachia [which owes a lot to the machinations of non-Appalachian corporate interests, BTW] can shrink one's sense of possibilities and heighten suspicions of outsiders. Breaking down those suspicions is important, not just electorally, but for keeping the Democratic Party true to its working-class [of all races] roots.

The Phillies were the last team to integrate in the National League and they suffered from a small talent pool even more than the Red Sox. In fact, the last time the Phillies were godawful was in the mid-1990s and they were lily white.

"But the economic boom would have bypassed the South had the various civil rights acts, notably but not limited to public accommodations, been passed when they were."

From the last post, this should obviously have read:
"But the economic boom would have bypassed the South had the various civil rights acts, notably but not limited to public accommodations, NOT been passed when they were.

The Senator's move to Minnesota was hardly the result of avoiding segregation:

"I'll tell you why we came to Minnesota. It was when I found out you only had 15,000 blacks here. Black people don't go to ball games, but they'll fill up a rassling ring and put up such a chant it'll scare you to death....We came here because you've got good, hard-working white people here."

So said Griffith, according to the Minneapolis Tribune, at a 1978 banquet in Waseca, Minn. which he did not know was being covered by the press.

I don't understand this viewpoint that white Appalachia is like campaigning on Mars. As I've noted before, Jesse Jackson has campaigned there for decades.

A very powerful political force in Appalachia is
the United Mine Workers -- and they have endorsed
Obama. See http://www.kansascity.com/445/story/629486.html

Another major force is the teachers and their unions. I think they will likely get behind Obama as well.

Segregation as a limiting economic force isn't a new idea. In his great bio of Lyndon Johnson, Robert Dallek notes that Johnson opposed segregation so vehemently, in part, because he though the South would always be economically backwards as a result. His work with Hispanic children as a teacher really informed his views, but a lot of it was based on economics. He saw segregation as impeding industrialization and economic progress. As someone who got his start in FDR's New Deal projects, he was well acquainted with southern poverty.
I think visionary leaders from within the community need to make this clear to their constituencies. As a VP, Webb could powerfully make this argument.

The United Mine Workers -- and the Steelworkers --originally supported John Edwards --NOT Hillary.

And when it comes to Obama versus John McCain there's NO contest whatsoever. From
http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/05/21/mine-workers-union-backs-obama/

"But officials in the mine workers union, which represents 105,000 active and retired members, said it was time to endorse Mr. Obama because it seemed clear that he would clinch the Democratic nomination.
“At this point, the debate is between Senator Obama and Senator McCain, and when it comes to those two, it’s very clear to us which candidate is going to be on our side,” said Phil Smith, the union’s communications director.

Even with the mine workers’s endorsement, Mr. Obama could face a hard time winning West Virginia in the general election, where Senator Clinton trounced him by obtaining 67 percent of the vote to his 26 percent.
Two other unions that had originally backed Mr. Edwards – the United Steelworkers and the Transport Workers – have recently moved into Mr. Obama’s column.
The United Mine Workers said that its endorsement followed a unanimous vote by the national council of the union’s political action committee.
Cecil Roberts, the mine workers’ president said, “After eight years of being pushed aside by an administration which neither respects nor values the contributions American working families make to our society, we are looking forward with great anticipation to a new era in our nation starting with the inauguration of President Barack Obama on January 20, 2009.”
Mr. Robert said one reason his union backed Mr. Obama over Senator McCain, the presumptive Republican nominee, was that Mr. McCain has proposed taxing health care benefits that union members and other workers receive.
“Many of our retirees suffer from debilitating injuries or black lung,” Mr. Roberts said. “They have paid for those health care benefits with their blood. To impose a tax on them because they receive those benefits is not only unjust, it’s immoral.”
----------------
The value of the unions is that they also give Obama an entree into many communities. THERE's a HUGE difference between coming into town as a GUEST of local people versus coming in as a complete stranger.

The Boston Red Sox [...] sacrificed a shot at Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays, and probably a World Series or two.

one might say that racism was a real curse for the red sox.

"The Boston Red Sox were the last team in pro baseball to integrate. And for their belief in the grand purity of the Great White Race, they sacrificed a shot at Jackie Robinson, Willie Mays, and probably a World Series or two. White racism rewarded them with decades of heartbreak."

Well, there was that, no doubt. But as you said, there were other factors.

There is also the fact that team executives were obsessed with finding hitters with pythons in their arms in order to get the ball over the Green Monster. You know, instead of getting some freaking decent pitching! To make it worse, a lot of the hitters were passed their prime in everything but hitting and sometimes even that.

God…they come like old nightmares when I think about them…Will Clark…Rob Deere…Jose Canseco actually had a good year or two with us I think. But my memory only goes back as far as the late 1980’s and the early 1990’s.

Of course, when you say “The Red Sox”, you should really say racist Tom Yawkey and his cronies. Once he finally kicked off, things changed for the better.

bambino -

Stay Dead.

That might've been Jack Clark, not Will Clark, who played for the Red Sox.
Either way, it's about time someone mentioned the Yawkey factor in this whole thing. Tom Yawkey owned the RS for 50+ years and, as it became known later, was a flat-out racist. I might add, Yawkey was also from the state of Michigan. He had final say and there was zero chance Jackie Robinson was going to play on his baseball team. The current ownership/management group couldn't be more different.
As with most revisionist history, the point of all this is....?

“That might've been Jack Clark, not Will Clark, who played for the Red Sox.”

Yeah, I think you are right. Who was Will Clark? God, I must have tried to block all of it out or something!

The Sox were the last team to integrate (in 1959). They had some good black players (Jim Rice, George Scott) but did not seem to make efforts at outreach to black players until the 1990s when Mo Vaughn was probably the most popular player. Although Yawkey died in the mid-70s, it took a while for the racist legacy to go away.

However, the Yankees did not integrate until 1955 and were in the middle of a series of World Series appearances and many wins (and '55 was the year they lost to the Dodgers), so it did not hurt them too much.

Since 1967, the Red Sox have had more +.500 seasons than any yeam, and came within a game of winning a WS 3 times.

So while the Sox had a bad history with race, I think bigger factors in the "curse" that lasted until 2004 was more a function of bad luck, and being in the division and league with the Yankees who have spent their way into the playoffs year after year.

Will Clark is a cackling. douche.

Atlanta caught back up to Birmingham by the 1950s because they had always held different attitudes toward others.

A lot of things conspired to fast-track Atlanta over B'ham, not the least of which was a city leadership that actively wanted to be fast-tracked into the "New South," certainly. And the existing pressures of business leaders helped that along greatly. But if you really want to know the difference between the two cities you really need look no further than Hartsfield-Jackson and the strange confluence of 75/85 in the heart of the city.

It was not simply ethical for me to become a more open person--it was to my advantage. I know that the math isn't the same for white people, but the point, I think, still stands.

The math is a bit different in one state, and it shows. Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i ka pono.

By the time that math goes national, I'll be a seriously old goat, observing from the sidelines.

If you want a definitive look at the Red Sox's legacy of racism and the curse of Yawkey, you can't do better than Howard Bryant's "Shut Out." Quite excellent.

http://www.amazon.com/Shut-Out-Howard-Bryant/dp/0807009792

As I wrote in 1996:

The 1946 World Series looked as if it would be only the first of many between the Boston Red Sox and the St. Louis Cardinals. Led by Ted Williams, the greatest hitter since Babe Ruth, the 1946 Red Sox had won an exceptional 104 games, losing only 50. The Cardinals, meanwhile, had averaged 104 wins per season during the four seasons that the young Stan Musial had anchored their lineup. Both leftfielders would long remain superlative hitters. As late as 1957 Musial led the National League (NL) with a batting average of .351, while Williams topped even that with .388, the highest average between the Roosevelt and Carter Administrations. Yet neither man ever returned to the World Series. Why not?

Largely because of St. Louis's and Boston's boneheaded bigotry. With Robinson apprenticing in the minors throughout the 1946 season, the Brooklyn Dodgers finished two games behind the Cards. In 1947, Rookie of the Year Robinson made the difference, as the Dodgers edged the Cards for the pennant. ...

Rickey followed up his masterstroke by signing more Negro Leagues stars like Roy Campanella and Don Newcombe. During Robinson's ten-year tenure, Brooklyn's dividends for desegregating first were six NL titles, fueled by black Dodgers' winning five Most Valuable Player awards and four Rookie of the Year awards.

In contrast, St. Louis frittered away the heart of Musial's stupendous career by not obtaining a black regular until Curt Flood in 1958. The Cards paid a brutal price for discriminating. During the first four years they had Stan the Man (up through 1946), the Cards won almost 18 more games per year than the Dodgers. But during the Robinson era, the Cards fell to nearly 13 victories per year fewer than the Dodgers, a monumental swing of over 30 wins per 154-game season. The Cardinals stubbornly ignored blacks until Augie Busch bought the team in 1954. Fearing a black boycott of Budweiser, he immediately ordered his scouts to find black players, but by then the easy pickings were gone. Although too late for Musial, Busch's integration move finally paid off in the 1960s, as blacks like Flood, Lou Brock, and Bob Gibson became the core of great Cardinal teams. ...

In comparison, under the ownership of beloved philanthropist Tom Yawkey, the Red Sox would fade into mediocrity, wasting Williams's bat as they refused to play a black man until 1959. Still, to be fair, the Red Sox did take only seven more years to hire a black than the Braves -- the Osaka Braves, that is.

http://www.isteve.com/JackieRobinson.htm

Obama's main problem is, of course, not prejudice but the public's increasing familiarity with him.

The more people learn about Obama's past, the more they realize they've been (as Obama would say) bamboozled by his carefully concocted campaign image as a post-racial conciliator. People slowly discover that, say, Obama has been a protege of Rev. Wright for 20 years, that he gave Rev. Wright's church $53,000 as recently as 2005-2007, that his perpetually peeved wife made a nice living in the Diversity Racket giving out quota contracts to blacks for the U. of Chicago hospitals, that the subtitle of his 1995 autobiography is "A Story of Race and Inheritance" and he's not kidding about that -- there's nothing else in the book but race and inheritance.

For example, when the mainstream media finally started paying attention to Rev. Wright in March, whom Obama had cited over and over again to prove his Christian bona fides, Obama lied and bloviated so much that Rev. Wright had to go on his little April media tour to set the record straight.

Obama's career was devoted to promoting the interest of A) Obama and B) the black race, _not_ the interests of the American public. If he recently had an awakening on the subject (which may be) where he realized that he should really be working for the American public as a whole, not just for one race, then he should tell us about it.

The Senator's move to Minnesota was hardly the result of avoiding segregation:

"I'll tell you why we came to Minnesota. It was when I found out you only had 15,000 blacks here. Black people don't go to ball games, but they'll fill up a rassling ring and put up such a chant it'll scare you to death....We came here because you've got good, hard-working white people here."

So said Griffith


Yeah, that's true. But, the irony is the Twins became a dominant team in the pretty much lily-white A.L. because they had so many great black Cubans (3 time batting champ Tony Oliva, '65 MVP Zoilio Versalles, All-Star SS Leo Cardenas).

So Steve, when Obama is president, are you going to move to Paulville or just leave the country?

Obama's career was devoted to promoting the interest of A) Obama and B) the black race _not_ the interests of the American public

Wow.

I guess as someone whose career is devoted to promoting the interest of A) Steve Sailer and B) the white race _not_ the interests of the American public, you possibly could be qualified to recognize your mirror image.

But since it's actually much closer to Farrakhan, and not Obama, you missed the mark. Again. This keeps happening. I guess it's probably your inherent genetic qualities that are holding you back. That's pretty tragic.

"Will Clark is a cackling. douche.

Posted by crack"

Are you trying to be smart? Two ballplayers with the surname of Clark, who played at roughly the same time period.

What?

Then again, “cracks” are often full of sh*t.

for you youngin' in the thread, i just want to remind folks that when branch rickey had the owners vote on intergrating bassball, it was 15-1 against. that's a part of the historical legacy.

the cleveland indians, in the american league, picked up some black players and went to the world series in 1948. people forget, because the club sucked for so long, that they had the second best record in the league for most of the 50's.


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