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The Next Eisenhower

09 May 2008 12:12 pm

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Judith Rodin has an insightful op-ed about the transportation policy crossroads the country faces next year as it comes time for congress to reauthorize the main federal transportation funding legislation. Will the next administration show the vision of a Dwight Eisenhower and give us the fundamental rethink of infrastructure policy we need:

Another critical danger is environmental. Today, the transportation sector consumes 90 percent of the United States' imported oil while producing one-third of the nation's greenhouse gas emissions -- and one-twelfth of the world's. Yet the federal government clings to a backward funding formula: The more a state's residents drive, the more money that state receives. In fact, projected increases in automotive travel will release so much greenhouse gas by 2020 that environmental protections achieved through higher gas-mileage requirements and anticipated advances in low-emissions fuels will be completely negated.

A less visible danger is economic. Transportation costs, now the second-highest household expense, are pricing families out of the American dream -- preventing them from saving, buying homes or investing in their children's educations. A 2006 Center for Housing Policy report indicated that working families in large metropolitan areas spend nearly a third of their incomes on transportation. A study by the American Public Transportation Association clarifies the connection between these challenges and the country's critical need for investment in mass transit: Two of every three regular users of public transportation earn less than $50,000 a year. The federal government, meanwhile, directs only one of every five gas-tax dollars to automobile alternatives.

As we look to the future, we must expand affordable, accessible and environmentally sustainable transportation options: high-speed and light rail, rapid and mass transit, and walkable, bikeable streets. Washington must provide new incentives for states and cities to promote greener land use, cleaner cars and decreased automotive dependence.

Her op-ed seems designed to promote the America 2050 project which I'll confess to not being familiar with, but she's succeeding in piquing my interest and hopefully yours as well.

Photo by Flickr user paulkimo9 used under a Creative Commons license

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Comments (43)

I hate to be snarky on this point, but Eisenhower's vision was to appoint the CEO of General Motors to Defense Secretary, who decided that the most important security need of the United States was a giant network of big roads. I mean, he couldn't have possibly had any ulterior motives ...

Since Congress only passes bit legislation if it has the word "defense" or "security" in the title, I think there's no way to pass giant aid to those city people and their hippie ideas like trains. There aren't enough districts that benefit.

on the idea of this, earthquakes aside, Los Angeles really needs to move much faster with its public transportation creation. [ gas out here is currently 4.60 a gallon for diesel. ]

the metro line is great, it just doesn't go anywhere. [ go figure groups like midnight ridazz were started in los angeles. ]

I'm still waiting for a tax break... for people who DON'T own ANY cars.

I don't understand this "pricing families out of the American dream... or investing in their children's educations". Spend time with your kids, help them with their homework, stress the importance of reading, studying hard and getting good grades. Insist on excellence in their academic work and do everything you can to facilitate it. Secondly, lead them to do volunteer work in the community, to join various clubs in their school and pursue some non-academic paths such as athletics. Now, with all that accomplished they can apply to universities or colleges with a stellar resumé and likely incur few if any financial costs for their degree. Scholarships, awards and grants will free you from fretting over how the cost of living may harm your child's post-high school education. Try it. It works.

It seems to me that measures to reduce our national consumption of petroleum products could very easily be packaged as mational security measures. And of course there are people who stand to profit from such efforts. So, I think we would find our equivalent to Charles Wilson if we wanted to follow that model.

Wow, Steve--that patronizing comment's not only breezily dismissive of reality, but also completely unrelated to the topic of the thread. Nice job!

Dismissive of reality? How so? Are there not children following exactly those steps to getting college paid for? And didn't the post mention the cost of fuel causing parental anxiety as to how ii affects their ability to save for their children's education? I just offered up a perfectly plausible way to eliminate that worry.

After 9/11 Fritz Holling and, to a lesser extent, John McCain were promoting the National Defense Rail Act to improve rail service and security. It died on the vine because government is bad, public transportation is socialism, yada yada. As long as Reganomics is a driving force in economic policy, infrastructure will suffer. Time to start talking about infrastructure and nation building in terms of patriotism, I think.

Depending on which quintile of income you are in, transport can come in 3rd -- taxes (personal and federal) are generally larger shares of household expenses (cf. BLS and CBO statistics such as http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/77xx/doc7718/EffectiveTaxRates.pdf).

I wonder what the tradeoff between different modes of transportation and taxes could be?

Steve,

My alma mater did not offer academic scholarships. Additionally, grants and private scholarships are tied to parent's incomes, so if you are middle class then kiss those good-bye. Are you aware that student loan programs are in a crisis right now? And did you miss the other part of the American dream pricing issue on home ownership?

Having used the Metro Line extensively when I commuted from Whitter (using the Norwalk Station)to the Warner Center in Woodland Hills, it is a barely acceptable alternative to driving. Two things (1) the last metro train left Union station at 6:30 P.M. So I had to take the Orange Line (Busway) to the North Hollywood station then the red line to Union Station, and if I missed that 6:30 train, I had to take the Amtrak (which entailed buying another ticket) to the fullerton Station and have my wife pick me up. I usually had to leave work 10-15 minutes early in order to have a good chance of making that 6:30 metro. (2) unless it has changed in the last 18 months (I no longer work in Woodland Hills) You cannot park at the metro station unless you buy a monthly parking pass. (3) Metro tickets are good for only 24 hours. So if bought a Round Trip ticket from Norwalk to Union Staion, and missed that 6:30 metro to Norwalk, I could not use it the next day, or ever.

While there is obviously some truth to American's being in love with their car's and disdaining Public Transport, Public Transport advocates will need to do more than blame the customer, and trying to find ways to force people to change their behaviors, and actually make public transport fast, easy and less problmatic to use.

Make that three things, not two.

Harv brings up a good point. Outside of a handful of cities, public transportation, as it stands today, can really suck. LA is the most obvious example, but there are many, many others. There is a stigma associated with public transit in many places as well. Here in Pittsburgh, we have the 8th most used public transportation system in the country (by percentage) but plenty of people I know wouldn't be caught dead on a bus because it isn't fashionable. I was in New Orleans recently and asked a woman about the bus system. She looked at me like I offered her a glass of blood and said "I don't know anything about it. Buses are for poor people." Status ideals are hard to change.

That pic's taken in Sacramento, CA. If light rail can succeed in greater western suburbia, it can work in many other places, too.

RT ridership is reported to be well up, and can anybody argue it's not due to gas prices ($4.25/gal for 91 octane, locally)? Gridlock traffic alone didn't seem to generate a whole lot of ridership.

freddiemac, as to your first problem I'd say a applicant should choose a school that DOES offer academic scholarships if their grades merit. Why would you take a stellar academic record to a school unwilling to reward you for it with attendant scholarship offers? Secondly, parental income rules can be waived if the student excels exceptionally in a field the college is attempting to lure undergraduates into. My main point is this, that fuel cost issues aren't going away. People are going to have to find ways to minimize the effects and the loss of funds it causes. Assuring your child a smoother and less coslty path to college is but one. Downsizing your residence is another. Downsize your personal vehicle. Eat out less. The list is endless. Failing the will to do all that I suppose you can bitch about the filthy rich Arabs or how the oil companies are all a bunch of profiteering crooks. Of course none of that helps. Whaddya gonna do? Problem is people want to go on living axactly like they have. Look, gas isn't $1.25 a gallon any more. It never will be again. Get used to it and adjust. Either that or lay down in a fetal position in the gutter and shit your pants in some sort of apoplectic hissy fit. Me, I'll adjust. Good luck with the hissy fit if you think it will help.

I agree somewhat with Roboticghost, only adding that it isn't just less fashionable, but an issue of safety. There were one or two occasions when on the Red Line going through parts of the San Fernando Valley, I felt a little apprehensive. Maybe it was my preception rather than any real threat, but as a Father of two young Children, I thought to myself, why am I doing this? If something happens to me, my kids pay the price for the rest of their life.

At some point smart politicians are gonna figure out that the way to prevent suburbia from turning into ghettos is old fashioned commuter rail.

Since most of theses district are republican it will be funny watching the hoops they jump through explaning how St Ronnie was for commuter rail all along and only godless commie democtrats oppose it.

I agree Harv. If for no other reason you could find yourself shot at for your capitalization habits.

And who might do the shooting Steve?

Harv, I actually have no experience with the Los Angeles metro. Does it really have safety/crime issues?

A frequently-running transit system in a city is an amenity. Only when governments decide that their job is to provide well-functioning amenities to their constituents is the situation going to change. As it is, most local and state governments see their jobs in terms of local development to be providing incentives to devlopers to build stuff that may produce more tax revenue.

Safety

I've heard a lot of people bring up safety as an issue when talking about public transportation. To me it doesn't really make much sense for a couple of reasons. 1. The number one cause of death and injury to people under 40 is automobile accidents. Hopping on the bus or train is, ipso facto, safer for you and your kids than toodling around in a car. 2. Most small and medium size cities have efficient transportation police. You get mugged on the bus, the driver calls the cops. Committing an assault on a public transportation unit is technically an act of terrorism. I've been looking for stats about crime on transport and can't find any. I'm sure it happens, but not very often.

Harv's remark is well taken. Public transport in most pats of this country is so fragmented it's almost like a dare for people not to use it. Transportation authorities at a minimum ought to be metro-area-wide.

In the Chicago area, we're actually better than most US metro areas as CTA and Pace (suburban bus) share a fare system, but Metra (commuter rail) refuses to join in. If I go to London and buy a fare on the Heathrow Express I can tack on whatever Transport for London fare I want, and travel on that one ticket through the Express and whatever Tube and bus connections are needed.

It really is hil-larious to read somebody who is afraid for their safety riding transit. Yes, this clear level-headed thinker prefers the relative safety of the freeway- because nothing says safety like sharing the road with bumper-to-bumper maniacs who are late to work and telling somebody about it on their cell phone.

It's lucky there are lots of jobs for people who are totally disconnected from reality.

Tyro, Not that I am aware of, I am just saying that it crossed my mind a couple of times. I wouldn't have cointinued to ride it if I thought it was that dangerous. Also, I traveled only a small fraction of available routes.

Roboticghost, you may be right, but that may also be because the number of people riding Public Transport is dwarfed by people driving cars. Additionally, much of the carnage is caused by Drunk Drivers between the hours of 10:00 P.M. and 6:00 A.M., not the times I would be riding a train or Bus anyway.

Not disagreeing with you, just not convinced either, alhtough your point is well taken.

Here are some stats regarding safety and public transportation.

http://www.apta.com/research/stats/safety/

Pretty much confirms that worrying about getting shot on the bus is like worrying about a piano falling on your head. It can happen, but so can winning the lottery. I'd wager that car jackings, parking garage assaults, and so on are far more prevalent than crime on transport.

What sort of mix is needed? Certainly it will be a good thing to expand public transportation in those communities where that is a viable option. But given the way people are actually distributed around the United States, isn't it going to be just as important, or even more important, to create much more energy efficient automobiles using new fuel technologies?

Roboticghost. OK, I'll buy your argument. And as I stated, I did ride the train and Bus virtually everyday, so I am not using it as an excuse for NOT riding it. I guess where my confusion comes in is that I thought I had heard at one point that being a Bus Driver was a more dangerous occupation that being a Police Officer. Is at least that true?

Also, Tyro, you are 100% correct. An efficient, Safe, and cost effective Public Transport is the only chance of success. A Soviet Style attitude of take public transport or else is doomed to failure. Matt has touched on this before, the Scope of public transport needs to be expanded.

A Soviet Style attitude of take public transport or else is doomed to failure.

The problem with this analogy is that even the Soviet-era Moscow subway was amazingly clean, fast, and had frequent arrivals. Why? To a degree, the Soviet Union wanted to show off and were willing to spend the money to do so.

But given the way people are actually distributed

A very hard truth: people are going to have to redistribute themselves to some degree as we go forward here. It makes no sense whatsoever to prop up little communities that lost the sock factory or whatever just because they like living there or have the touchy feelies about small town USA. No politician on Earth wants to say that, but its true. And its already happening. Hie thee to a city ASAP.

Harv, hadn't heard that about bus drivers and police. Looking at the data on the aforeposted link, It doesn't seem to be true, but I haven't looked that closely. Something to think about.

I really wonder if there is anything robust about the "stigma" attached to public transit. Personally, my guess is that stigma will wilt in the face of higher energy prices and environmental concerns. And after all, wealthy people can always find some other marker of status.

Tyro, I have never been to Moscow, so I'll take your word for it. Let's say a Top down, Government knows best atitude.

Roboticghost, Checked it out, and it doesn't appear to be true. Intrestinly enough, truck drivers are more dangerous.

http://www.insurance.com/quotes/article.aspx/Top_10_Most_Dangerous_Jobs/artid/23

DTM - I provisionally agree with you. But if you read through these and other comments on the matter its easy to see people doing all sorts of cognitive gymnastics to imagine that the era of Happy Motoring isn't over. Bring up public transit in a group a Republicans and watch the Circe de Soleil.

Addressing the stigma now helps sell the idea.

What would save more fuel in DC. Trying to build more commuter trains or assigning every GS-12 budget analysis to the slot that is closest to their home. Remember, it is currently illegal to ask someone about their commuting arrangements when you hire them.

Also, if you are laid off from your job, are you willing to limit your job hunt to the jobs that can be reached using public transportation? Very few people are.

What would save more fuel in DC. Trying to build more commuter trains or assigning every GS-12 budget analysis to the slot that is closest to their home. Remember, it is currently illegal to ask someone about their commuting arrangements when you hire them.

Also, if you are laid off from your job, are you willing to limit your job hunt to the jobs that can be reached using public transportation? Very few people are.

To circle back to my original point, I never cared about stigma, getting back and forth to work as safely, inexpenisvely and quickly as possible was my only concern. The transit system in the greater LA area puts too many seemingly absurd obstacles in the way. Just to take two. Having to buy a monthly parking pass to park at the station, and my roundtrip metro ticket having a 24 hour shelf life. It was marginly less expensive, probably more safe, but didn't really save me any time.

The surface transportation bill is up for reauthorization next year. If the Dems have the Hill and the White House I think there will be substantially more money for rail and mass transit. At present, 2.86 cents of the 18.4 cent federal gas tax goes to the mass transit account.

The real question is where is the money going to come from? Politicians are averse to raising the gas tax so it's hard to know where Cognress will find the money. Anybody out there with some ideas?

If this is an issue you care about start talking to your members of Congress now. They need to hear from people that this is important.

First, I'm a fierce proponent of public transportation. My father was a great example, growing up in Richmond, CA. He didn't drive and, thanks to him, I learned very early to hop on a bus to get anywhere I wanted to go.

Unfortunately, as suburbian/exurbia has grown over the last few decades, public transport was rarely made a priority, civically or domestically. As many cities (i.e., San Antonio) boomed, the only options were buses which could take forever. Harv's example above is sadly typical. Moreover, kids are often not raised to see public transport as an option. Parents cart them around in cars, sometimes from convenience, sometimes from pure necessity. One example: My teenage nephew volunteers at a museum near downtown San Antonio. Driving takes about 20 minutes from my sister's. If he took the bus, it would entail at least two connections and at least an hour.

Now living in Chicago, there definitely is a stigma attached to public transit. When I lived on the South Side, pure racism caused neighbors to be driven out of their way to catch the Orange Line rather than ride the Red Line, only a few blocks away. In the harsh weather, homeless people will make the bus their home. I was embarrassed at my own reaction this winter. One guy on a bus one frigid February evening caused the entire bus to reek of vomit - not fun.

Lastly, here's a choice piece about the disappearing act of suburban sidewalks:
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-sidewalk-28-apr28,0,3158398.story
A wealthy couple in north suburban Chicago arbitrarily decided to remove the sidewalk on their property, blocking kids' access to school and the park. Lake Forest is suing the Kunzes to get the sidewalk replaced.

The unfortunate fact is that repairing the transportation infrastructure will require increases in the gas tax. Rethuglicans don't increase taxes, they cut them. Not going to happen. As one of my former colleagues put it, the US is an example of private affluence and public squaller.

SLC,

Not just gas taxes would have to be increased. If you follow the 2050 link... apparently the US spends 2.4% of GDP on infrastructure, while India spends 4.6% and China spends 9%. Let's see, we have a $14 trillion GDP, so we're spending $336 billion a year in infrastructure. If we were at India's level, we'd be spending $644 billion and at China's, $1.260 trillion.

This is the sort of spending where deficit spending is justified. We should just bite the bullet and build out NAWAPA, the most tricked out public works project ever-- jobs, transportation, clean hydro energy and water, sweet sweet Canadian water.

Sadly, the only political candidate who's talked about it since the 60's is the real life Johnny Canal, Lyndon LaRouche. http://www.schillerinstitute.org/economy/maps/maps2.html#nawapa

If that ever gets rolling, once all the environmentalists have killed themselves in frustration, we can move on to my second favorite infrastructure plan, Project Bronco. An innovative way to achieve energy independence by--- oh, I'll just quote from the government report:
Descriptors : *NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS, *OIL SHALES, SHOCK WAVES, CRACKING(FRACTURING), FRACTURE(MECHANICS), RADIOACTIVITY, DETONATIONS.
http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA382355

Re beowolf

The fallacy in Mr. beowolfs' argument is that, although percent of GDP spending on infrastructure is higher in India and China, the per capita spending is about equal to that of China and twice Indias'. Mr. beowolf forgets that China and India each have nearly 4 times the population of the US.

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